父母赠与的房产，离婚后前配偶有继承权吗
在美国投资需要注意的法律问题系列
张女士和李先生结婚，张女士的父母过世将房产A赠送给张女士。不久张女士和李先生离婚，李先生对房产A有什么权力？
美国婚姻法里对离婚时财产分配有公平分配和平等分配两种做法。佛罗里达州关于离婚的法律是公平分配式（equitable distribution）,规定离婚时双方对婚姻的财产和债务是公平分配的，而不是像某些州（比如加州，亚利桑那州）是50/50 平均分配的。一般来说，继承的财产不认为是婚姻共同财产，而是继承者的个人独自财产。但是，如果用婚姻共同的资产来维护该继承的财产，比如说用婚姻共同财产的银行账户里的资金来支付继承房产A的银行按揭费用和其它维护此房产A产生的费用，那婚姻财产和个人财产的界限就模糊了，法庭有可能判决此房产A是婚姻共同财产。
怎样保护张女士的继承房产权，保住房产A？
张女士可以设立一个自己一个人的银行账户，使用该账户的资金来支付任何房产A所需要的费用。该房产A必须只有张女士一个人的名字。
张女士和李先生可以起草协议，把如果离婚哪些财产归谁所有写进协议里。当然在佛罗里达州，和很多别的州，这种协议不是全部有法律效力的，有些要看是在结婚前还是结婚后起草。
张女士也可以证明此房产A本来就属于她一个人继承，她可以提供遗嘱，信托，法庭文件，以及其它可以证明本来意图是只有她一个人继承的证据。
张女士的父母也可以以信托的形式拥有此房产，将张女士作为唯一信托受益人，张女士作为唯一受益人不必和其他任何人分享。如果李先生有债务，债权人也不能对此房产有追索权力。
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Protecting Inherited Property from Claims of Spouse
Ms. Zhang and Mr. Li are married. Ms. Zhang’s parent’s die and leave their property to Ms. Zhang. Ms. Zhang and Mr. Li soon get a divorce. Does Ms. Zhang have to share her family’s property with Mr. Li?
Florida, along with most states, is an equitable distribution state for divorces whereby marital property and debts are divided equitably in the divorce proceedings, rather than equally as is typical in community property states, such as Arizona or California. Typically, inherited property is not considered marital property, rather it is normally treated as separate property belonging to the person who received the inheritance. However, if marital assets are used to maintain the inherited property, such as using funds from a joint account to pay the mortgage or maintenance of the inherited property, then the lines between marital and separate property become blurred and the court may determine the inherited property is martial property.
There are several ways to protect the property from Mr. Li’s claims.
Ms. Zhang could keep a separate bank account from Mr. Li, using only Ms. Zhang’s funds to maintain the property. Further, the property should only be kept in Ms. Zhang’s name.
Ms. Zhang and Mr. Li could enter into a nuptial agreement to identify and deal with the division of assets and liabilities in the event of a divorce. There are different requirements for a valid nuptial agreement to be effective in Florida, depending in part whether the agreement is made before or after the couple is married.
Ms. Zhang could show evidence that the property was solely hers. This may be done by Will, Trust, court documents, or otherwise that showed she alone inherited the property.
Ms. Zhang’s parents could have kept the property in trust for the sole benefit of Ms. Zhang. Ms. Zhang would have the benefit of the property, without having to sharing it with anyone else, including creditors of Ms. Zhang.